Measuring Fathers' Responses to Negative Emotions in Children: SF-CCNES Adaptation in Indonesia
Keywords:
Father, Emotion Socialization, Validity, Parenting, SF-CCNES
Abstract
Fathers roles in emotion socialization remain understudied in Indonesia, where patriarchal norms often limit their involvement (Komisi Perlindungan Anak Indonesia, 2021). Existing tools like the CCNES are lengthy, prompting the need for a concise alternative. This study adapts and validates the Indonesian SF-CCNES (King et al., 2023) to measure fathers responses to childrens negative emotions. Following Beaton et al. (2000)s cross-cultural adaptation guidelines, the SF-CCNES was translated, back-translated, and reviewed by experts. Data from 292 fathers of children aged 36 were analyzed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and reliability tests. The 17-item Indonesian SF-CCNES demonstrated strong reliability (? = 0.7330.845) and validity (factor loadings >0.3), though item 1A required revision due to cultural misinterpretation. This validated tool aids research on paternal emotion socialization in Indonesia and informs interventions to enhance fathers emotional responsiveness.
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References
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Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., & Murphy, B. C. (1996). Parents’ Reactions to Children’s Negative Emotions: Relations to Children’s Social Competence and Comforting Behavior. Child Development, 67(5), 2227–2247. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01854.x
Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., Shepard, S. A., Guthrie, I. K., Murphy, B. C., & Reiser, M. (1999). Parental Reactions to Children’s Negative Emotions: Longitudinal Relations to Quality of Children’s Social Functioning. Child Development, 70(2), 513–534. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00037
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Fessler, D. M. T. (2004). Shame in Two Cultures: Implications for Evolutionary Approaches. Journal of Cognition and Culture, 4(2), 207–262. https://doi.org/10.1163/1568537041725097.
Field, A. (2013). Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics (4th ed.). Sage.
Fivush, R., Brotman, M. A., Buckner, J. P., & Goodman, S. H. (2000). Gender Differences in Parent-Child Emotion Narratives. Sex Roles, 42(3–4), 233–253. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007091207068
Fletcher, R., StGeorge, J., & Freeman, E. (2013). Rough and tumble play quality: Theoretical foundations for a new measure of father-child interaction. Early Child Development and Care, 183(6), 746–759. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2012.723439
Freeks, F. E., & De Jager, E. S. (2023). Father absence as a risk factor for child neglect and abuse: A biblical and multidisciplinary approach to transform broken families in the South African landscape. Pharos Journal of Theology, 104(2). https://doi.org/10.46222/pharosjot.104.29
Gerhardt, M., Feng, X., Wu, Q., Hooper, E. G., Ku, S., & Chan, M. H. (2020). A Naturalistic Study of Parental Emotion Socialization: Unique Contributions of Fathers. Journal of Family Psychology, 34(2), 204–214. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000602
Goodman, S. H., Rouse, M. H., Connell, A. M., Broth, M. R., Hall, C. M., & Heyward, D. (2011). Maternal Depression and Child Psychopathology: A Meta-Analytic Review. In Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review (Vol. 14, Issue 1, pp. 1–27). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-010-0080-1
Gottman, J. M., Katz, L. F., Hooven, C., & Hooven, C.-O. (1996). Parental Meta-Emotion Philosophy and the Emotional Life of Families: Theoretical Models and Preliminary Dataemotion philosophy. Journal of Family Psychology, 10(3), 243–268. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.10.3.243
Gottman, John. M., Katz, L. F., & Hooven, C. (1997). Meta-Emotion How Families Communicate Emotionally. Lawrence Erlbaum.
Herdiana, D., Agustiani, H., & Qodariah, L. (2023). Respon Ibu Menghadapi Emosi Negatif Anak dan Regulasi Emosi Anak Usia 3-5 Tahun. Martabat: Jurnal Perempuan Dan Anak, 6(2), 271–294. https://doi.org/10.21274/martabat.2022.6.2.271-294
Hidayah, N., Ramli, A., & Tassia, F. (2023). Fatherless Effects On Individual Development; An Analysis Of Psychological Point Of View And Islamic Perspective. Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research, 3, 754–766. https://j-innovative.org/index.php/Innovative/article/view/381/339
Hughes, E. K., & Gullone, E. (2010). Parent emotion socialisation practices and their associations with personality and emotion regulation. Personality and Individual Differences, 49(7), 694–699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.05.042
Intan, R., Kurniawati, F., & Handayani, E. (2018). Pelatihan emotion coaching untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan orang tua dalam merespon momen emosional anak usia 4-5 tahun. Jurnal Pendidikan Anak, 7(1), 40–52. https://doi.org/10.21831/jpa.v7i1.24444.
Johnson, A. M., Hawes, D. J., Eisenberg, N., Kohlhoff, J., & Dudeney, J. (2017). Emotion socialization and child conduct problems: A comprehensive review and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 54, 65–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2017.04.001
Katz, L. F., Maliken, A. C., & Stettler, N. M. (2012). Parental Meta-Emotion Philosophy: A Review of Research and Theoretical Framework. Child Development Perspectives, 6(4), 417–422. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-8606.2012.00244.x
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2025-05-06
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