Artifisial Intelligence Dalam Pendidikan: Kajian Literatur Mengenai Dampak Inovatif Dan Implikasi Moral
Abstract
Perkembangan pesat artificial intelligence (AI) mendorong transformasi signifikan dalam pendidikan, mulai dari pembelajaran adaptif, analisis asesmen, hingga otomatisasi penilaian. Namun, pemanfaatan teknologi ini juga menimbulkan persoalan etis seperti plagiarisme, ketergantungan teknologi, dan pergeseran peran pendidik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menelaah secara sistematis dampak inovatif sekaligus implikasi moral penggunaan AI dalam pendidikan dengan pendekatan analisis tematik. Metode yang digunakan adalah kajian literatur dengan pendekatan analisis tematik terhadap 37 artikel terpilih dari database terindeks pada periode 2016-2025. Data dikumpulkan dari artikel internasional dan nasional bereputasi yang terbit pada 20162025 melalui Scopus, Web of Science, Nature Index, Garuda, dan Google Scholar. Analisis menghasilkan dua tema utama: (1) inovasi pembelajaran berbasis AI yang meningkatkan personalisasi, efisiensi, serta interaktivitas; dan (2) ancaman moral berupa penurunan daya pikir kritis, risiko ketidakadilan akses, dan tantangan integritas akademik. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa AI sebaiknya diposisikan sebagai pendukung, bukan pengganti peran pendidik. Penguatan literasi digital, kebijakan etika, serta pendidikan karakter diperlukan agar pemanfaatan AI selaras dengan nilai kemanusiaan. Implikasi penelitian ini mencakup tiga aspek: pertama, memberikan landasan konseptual bagi pengembangan kebijakan pendidikan berbasis AI yang beretika dan inklusif; kedua, menyediakan kerangka praktis bagi pendidik dalam mengintegrasikan AI tanpa mengorbankan integritas akademik; dan ketiga, mengidentifikasi kebutuhan infrastruktur dan literasi digital untuk meminimalkan kesenjangan akses teknologi di Indonesia.
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